11/8/2022 0 Comments Interstilial fluid imageFurthermore, α 1β 1 integrin was seen to play an important role in the specific response to flow, as its inhibition prevented fibroblast differentiation and subsequent collagen alignment but did not block their ability to contract the gel in a separate floating gel assay. These effects were associated with TGF-β 1 induction, and could be eliminated with TGF-β 1 blocking antibodies. We demonstrate that low levels of interstitial (3D) flow induce fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation as well as collagen alignment and fibroblast proliferation, all in the absence of exogenous mediators. Although inflammatory cells and damaged epithelium can release transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), which largely mediates myofibroblast differentiation, the biophysical environment of inflammation and tissue regeneration, namely increased interstitial flow owing to vessel hyperpermeability and/or angiogenesis, may also play a role. These processes often follow inflammatory events, particularly in soft tissues such as skin, lung and liver. The differentiation of fibroblasts to contractile myofibroblasts, which is characterized by de novo expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), is crucial for wound healing and a hallmark of tissue scarring and fibrosis.
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